Some linear algebra

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defined for all complex numbers λ, where I denotes the � × � identity matrix. It is not hard to see that a complex number λ is an eigenvalue of A if and only if χA(λ) = 0. We see by direct computation that χA is an �th-order polynomial. Therefore, A has precisely � eigenvalues, thanks to the fundamental theorem of algebra. We can write them as λ1� � � � � λ�, or sometimes more precisely as λ1(A)� � � � � λ�(A).

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تاریخ انتشار 2011